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‹h=
eader›Composting At Home in Georgia
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W=
elcome to
the Composting, Grasscycling & Mulching at Home workshop. Today’s workshop will primarily cover composting, but will also take a snapshot of two =
other
types of yard waste recycling.
You’ll find that we have a brochure and several other handouts for you to take with you. If you have =
any questions, then please feel free to ask on the
spot, but we will offer time at the =
end of
the presentation for you to ask as w=
ell.
E=
very time
it rains, rainwater runs off the land and picks up pollutants and debris such as litter, pesticides,
chemicals, pet waste, and sediment.
It flows off rooftops, lawns=
, down
driveways and streets then flows into
storm drains and directly into our r=
ivers,
lakes and streams.
L=
eaves,
grass clippings and other yard waste carries nutrients (fertilizers) and pesticides (insecticides and herbicides) that are used and carry them down str=
eets, drainage ditches and storm drains into rivers, la=
kes
and streams, untreated. Too many nut=
rients
in a waterway can cause Algal Blooms=
.
<=
b>Algal
blooms
T=
ypically,
algae are present in low concentrations although under some environmental conditions they may proliferate -
otherwise known as an algal 'bloom'.=
Algal blooms may discolor water, =
create
unsightly scums, clog water treatment
filters, and lead to unpleasant tastes and odors, which affect the quality of water for drinking, irrigat=
ion or
recreation. Additionally, the
decomposition of algae (especially following an algal bloom) results in reduced dissolved oxygen that c=
an
kill fish. Algal blooms may occur in water bodies for several reasons,
including warm water temperatures, p=
oor
water circulation and high nutrient levels (especially phosphorus and nitrogen).
&=
#13;
W=
aterways
in urban and rural areas have an increased risk of algal blooms as they typically receive nutrient-enriched storm=
water
runoff. People can contribute to red=
ucing
algal blooms in a number of ways including applying fertilizers sparingly, disposing of garden wastes
thoughtfully and washing cars and bo=
ats on
the grass (as opposed to pavements or driveways where detergents are more likely to enter the drainage =
system
and our waterways).
Or=
ganic
wastes such as yard trimmings and vegetable & fruit scraps make up 28% our waste stream. Recycling organic waste is a natu=
ral way to reduce the amount of wastes going to landf=
ills
and it conserves natural resources. =
Yard
trimmings have been banned from municipal solid
waste landfills since 1996, though they are still regularly ground =
up and dumped in unlined, inert landfills.=
A=
ll jurisdictions in Georgia restrict yard waste from being dumped in landfills. The level and type of solid =
waste,
recycling and yard trimmings collect=
ion
service provided throughout the state varies
greatly depending upon a community’s size and demographic profile.
&=
#13;
B=
ased
upon the municipal solid waste disposal rates reported in 2003, the state has approximately 25.6 years of
permitted MSW disposal capacity. In =
our
area, that number drops to 20.8 years. The Georgia
Department of Community Affairs annually surveys local governments to determine how they collect, proces=
s and
use yard trimmings generated within =
their
communities. In 2002, 66 cities and =
41
counties statewide reported collecting yard trimmings for diversion from MSW landfills.
Try
composting instead of piling leaves, grass clippings and other yard waste across your property and ins=
tead of dumping them directly down a storm drain. Ther=
e are three key ways to recycle yard waste, they includ=
e: mulching, composting and grasscycling.
T=
here are
three types of yard waste recycling options that will be covered in today’s workshop. They are: mulching, grasscycling and composting.
=
<=
b>Mulching
is using mulch materials. It is =
one of
the simplest and most beneficial pra=
ctices
you can use in the garden. Mulch is =
simply
a protective layer of material that =
is
spread on top of the soil.
There are many benefits to using mulch.
Mulch:
•Saves water and reduces the amount of runoff
•Insulates roots from heat & cold
•Helps to control weeds & disease
•Adds nutrients to the soil
•Protects the soil from erosion
•Reduces compaction from impact of heavy rains
•Maintains a more even soil temperature
•Prevents weed growth
•Keeps fruits and vegetables clean
•Provides a “finished” look to the garden
•Replaces natural soil amendments & protective layer
<=
/div>
When to Apply- Mulches us=
ed to
moderate winter temperatures can be applied in the late fall after the gro=
und
has frozen.
Identify the type of mulch materials and quantity needed. We a= re going to take a look at the different types of mulch material that can be used.
How much mulch to use- Mulch can be applied 3-6” deep on top =
of
your soil. Remember not to bury or dig in the mulch. Just keep it on the
surface. Mulch is measured by
cubic feet. If you have an area 10’x10’ and you wish to apply
3” of mulch then 25 cubic feet needed.
Make your own mulch-use a mower. Mulching mowers cut up leaves and
grass into finer pieces so that it decomposes quickly but you can grasscyc=
le
or mulch with any mower if you scoop up leaves or grass to be mulched and
repeat several times.
Identify the type of mulch materials and quantity needed. We a= re going to take a look at the different types of mulch material that can be used.
-Apply on in landscaped areas around trees,
shrubs, in flower beds and on bare spots.
-Remove weeds before applying.
<=
/div>
Grass clippings add beneficial organic matter to the soil, which provides free fertilizer and produces healthy, green lawns.
Grasscycling reduces turf grass <=
/b>fertilizer and
water requirements, which can minimize toxic
runoff entering storm drains and polluting rivers, lakes and streams.&#=
13;
Another benefit is the timeless education children receive from composting. Kids can be a big help in making compost happen a=
t your
home. A fun and educational chore to
assign your young children is carrying the house bucket full of vegetable scraps outside to the compost bin. T=
his
activity brings the wonders of scien=
ce and
nature to life, as they see last week’s leftovers soon becoming rich=
soil.
•Takes up little work time, but 6 months to two years to
yield product.
•Easiest method is to build compost bin in layers of ingredients.
-Mulch can be applied to 3-6” deep on=
top
of your soil.
-Do not bury or dig in mulch
-Just keep it on the surface.
<=
b>-Leaves-
Whole leaves tend to compact if =
wet or
blow away if dry. Chopping reduces the volume.
Mulch materials can be found in your own yard. Lawn clippings make excelle=
nt mulch, they may not be attractive for a flower be=
d, but
they work well in vegetable gardens. The
fine texture allows them to be spread evenly around small plants.
-Newspaper,
as mulch, works especially well to control weeds. Newspaper should be anchored with mulch material. Only use black ink
because color dyes may be harmful to soil.
-Compost material makes a wonderful mulch if you have a large supply. Compost not only=
improves the soil structure but provides and exce=
llent
source of plant nutrients.
-B=
ark
chips and composted bark mulch a=
re
available at garden centers. These make a need finish to the garden bed and will eventually improve the condition of
the soil. These may last for one to =
three
years or more, depending on the size of the chips.
-Other materials- Nutshells, wood chips, straw, hay, sawdust, vegetable/fruit scraps a=
nd avoid using weeds as mulch.
Tip: Mulches that
break down slowly improve the soil slowly, but do not need to be reapplied as frequently. In contrast, mulches that
break down more quickly provide better soil
benefits, but need to be applied more regularly. For sites with poor soils,
selecting a mulch with a shorter lon=
gevity
may be the best option.
<=
b>Grasscycling
is a simple alternative to baggi=
ng
clippings. Simply leave the clipping=
s on
your lawn. Once cut, grass clippings first dehydrate,
then decompose, quickly disappearing (in 7 to 14 days) from view. The clippings act as top-dressing fert=
ilizer
and help keep your lawn green and he=
althy.
Research has shown that lawns can ge=
nerate
approximately 300 pounds of grass clippings per 1,000 square feet annually. This can be as much as 6 1/2 tons per acre each year!
<=
b>Does it
cause thatch build up? No! Resea=
rch
has shown that grass roots are the primary cause
of thatch build up, not clippings.
Do I need a special mower? No! Mulching mowers cut up grass into finer pieces so=
that
it decomposes quickly but you can
grasscycle with any mower if you follow proper mowing techniques.=
Proper mowing techniques: Cut grass when the surface is dry and keep mower =
blades
sharp. Mow your lawn frequently enou=
gh so
that no more than one-third of the length of the grass blade is cut in any one mowing.
Does Grasscycling Spread Lawn Disease? N=
o! Improper watering and fertilizing have a <=
span
style=3D'font-size:117%'>much greater impact on disease spread than
grasscycling. If a desirable environment for turf grass disease is present, infestation will occur
whether clippings are collected or not!
Will Grasscycling Make My Lawn Look Bad? No! If a lawn is properly mowed, watered, and fertilized, grasscycling can actually produce=
a
healthier looking lawn. It is important to cut
the lawn frequently to produce small clippings that will decompose quickly=
. If
a lawn is not cut frequently and cli=
ppings
are left on the lawn, it will produce a "hay-like" look which can be unsightly.
Benefits of Grasscycling
Saves Time- (no more bagging and raking)
Saves Money- (less fertilizer is needed)
Encourages a Healthy Lawn-(Clippings contain valuable nitrogen)
Reduces Yard Waste- (clippings stay on your lawn)
Saves landfill capacity =
while saving time, work and money in the
landscape.
=
J=
ust as
proper cutting height is important, so is the frequency at which your lawn=
is cut. Ideally, the frequency between mowing should=
be as
long as possible to allow the plant =
to
recover from the first cutting. Leaf growth rate and the use of the lawn <=
/span>will to a large degree, dictate mowing frequency.=
A
single mowing should not remove more=
than
1/3 of the leaf surface.
&=
#13;
B=
efore we
leave this section, I wanted to share a few extra ways you can use grass <=
/span>clippings. You can:
<=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-1.14%'>•<=
/span>Use only around the vegetables and flowers as a s=
urface
mulch
<=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-.98%'>•Use =
grass
clippings around vegetables or flowers to inhibit weed growth & retain=
moisture.
<=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-1.12%'>•<=
/span>Add =
to your
compost pile for extra nutrients (no more than 1/3 of pile).
<=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:bullet;position:absolute;left:-1.0%'>•Keep clippings at least two inches away from young
plants to avoid burning the new
growth.
<=
b>Composting is an easy way to transform your landscape trimm=
ings
and your fruit and vegetable kitchen
scraps into a dark, crumbly, sweet-s=
melling
soil amendment. This substance, called compost or humus, is a wonderful conditioner for your soil.
<=
b>Brown material (leaves, straw, shredded wood) along wit=
h green materials (grass, vegetable scraps) in combinatio=
n with
water and air and high temperatures
creates an environment for yard debris, grass clippings and vegetable scraps to break down. Another element that helps the compost materials to decompose includes macroorga=
nisms
which are earthworms and insects as =
well
as microorganisms such as bacteria, =
fungi
and microbes help to further break down the compost pile.
=
Composting…
•Saves you money
•Helps your garden and
container plants by improving the fertility of the soil.
•Saves water by helping =
the
soil hold moisture and reducing water runoff.
•Benefits the environment by recycling valuable organic resources and redu=
cing the use of fuel to transport yard trimmings off-s=
ite
and process them on a large scale.&#=
13;
W=
hen
thinking of composting, it’s best to decide what structure you want to use to compost your yard clippings and
trimmings in. Also keep in mind that=
there
are some homeowners associations that do not
permit piles of yard waste, check with your association before you start to compost. A container creates a neat =
and
tidy structure that retains heat wel=
l, is
visually pleasing and serves as a reminder for
you to compost.
Here are a few of the different types =
of
composting structures…
A=
higher
pile of at least 6’x6’ and preferably larger is ideal for decomposition. A small pile tends to remain at a =
lower
temperature and the heating process =
will
be hindered. The peak height of the pile should
be higher than 6’ feet.
Heaps tend to sprawl and shrink to short mo=
unts.
To organize your compost, consider a
simple enclosure.
Se=
cure the
hoop with hooks or twists of wire. To speed composting, undo the hoop, set it up next to the pile, and turn the pile back into the cage in its new
location.
Li=
ke plastic
bins, wooden ones contain yard trimmings. Build with recycled wood, wire, or other materials for an inexpensive and attractive structure. Many styles are also
commercially available. Wooden bins =
are
easy to construct or can be purchased
ready made. These are low-cost containers that you can use to reduce the pile.
T=
his model
is an open air bin with air vents along the sides. They are usually constructed of recycled plastic. This mod=
el is
referred to as a biostack.
Other plastic bins are named Presto Compost=
er,
Garden Gourmet, Yard Guard, Soil Sav=
er and
GreenKeeper. There are even
plastic closed air bins. The closed =
bins
retain moister and heat inside its walls, and some oxygen is introduced each time the lid is opened =
and
through the soil at the bottom.
=
;
=
T=
here are
also rotating drums. They are raised, drum shaped units which rotate and create compost quickly. The
materials are thoroughly mixed insid=
e, and
quicker breakdown occurs. Yard clipp=
ings
and vegetable scraps are placed inside a convenient
door and turned every day. To assist the process and increase the number of microorganisms in side,
throw in a few handfuls of finished
compost, compost starter or garden s=
oil at
the start. In less than a month, the compost will be ready for your garden.
The first time you fill your bin with leave=
s and
grass, you might wonder if the bin i=
s too
small. Don’t worry. The pile w=
ill
start to decrease in volume by 35-50% after seven days. You can fill it again and again and the same redu=
ction
in mass will occur.
=
All of these items can attract p=
ests,
rodents, raccoons, and create foul odors.
<=
b>Please
do not add lime. Some people lik=
e to
add a sprinkle and experts find it
unnecessary and not beneficial to the environment.
The addition of lime to the pile will convert ammonium-nitrogen to ammonia gas and hasten the loss of nitrogen from the pile. Research shows that altho=
ugh
lime may hasten decomposition, the l=
oss of
nitrogen from the pile often offsets=
the
benefits of lime. The pH of finished compost is usually 6.5-7.0<=
span
style=3D'font-size:150%'> on the pH scale.
=
<=
b>Chop
Compostables- The more you chop,=
the
faster the decomposition process wil=
l take
place.
&=
#13;
<=
b>Mix two-thirds dry brown material (leaves, straw, shr=
edded
wood) with one-third moist, green
materials for a balance of nutrients, air and
water.
&=
#13;
<=
b>Add water as you build your pile and maintain its moi=
sture.
Keep it as damp as a wrung-out
sponge.
&=
#13;
•Effortless
A=
4 x 4 x
4-foot area out of direct sunlight is ideal for your compost pile. Choose an easily accessible spot on a grass or soil base. Composting can begin any ti=
me of the year, but many people start in the fall when =
leaves
are abundant.
•No need to check for the
proper mix or moisture. You build the pile with green or brown materials as
they become available.
•If you add vegetable or
fruit scraps, it must be buried deep in the pile. Dig a hole in the top or
side of the pile and cover the scraps with several inches of brown materia=
l or
active compost. Foods left on the surface may attract pests or cause odors=
.
•After 6 months or more,
finish compost will be found at the bottom or oldest sections of the pile.=
It
may be collected and used as it is produced.
Ingredients: Yard Trimmings, water as needed
Directions:
1. In a heap, hoop or bin, layer your chopped yard trimmings as
they accumulate.
2. Water so compost is ke=
pt as
moist as a wrung-out sponge. In
months, the material at the bottom and center of the pile will be dark,
crumbly compost. Sift and use composted material to start a new batch.
Covering your bin or pile helps to control its moisture content by either
retaining moisture during hot summer months or repelling water during rainy
months.
-Use the squeeze test to check for proper moisture. Grab a handful of comp=
ost
from the center of the pile and squeeze it. If the material stays in a ball
rather than falling apart, and if very little or no water drips from the b=
all,
your moisture content is roughly 55% to 65%. If it does not form a ball
because it is too dry, then your moisture content is below 55%. If it is v=
ery
moist and drips heavily when squeezed, your moisture content is above
65%.
A=
dd a
shovelful or two of soil or finished compost to the layer. This will get the pile off to a fast start.
The fastest way to compost is =
to
build a “hot” heap, hoop or bin. This requires frequent turning the pile to get plenty of oxygen to=
the
organisms that are hard at work, breaking down the
materials and creating heat. Temperatures can reach 120-150°F when “fast̶=
1;
composting is taking place and this assures that weed seeds and pathogens are killed. F=
or
accurate temperature readings, use and extended-length thermometer which can be
bought at your home garden center. The ingredients to use
are yard trimmings, fruit & vegetable trimmings, and water as needed.&=
#13;
Directions:
=
1.Layer and mix fresh
green with dry brown materials alternately until you have at least a cubic yard (3x3x3 foot) pile.
=
2.Keep pi=
le
as moist as a wrung-out sponge.
3.Cover the pile with a sheet of plastic, a piece of
carpet or a 1” layer of soil
4.Turn the pile one to three times a week to give it t=
he
air it needs for fast composting.
<=
/div>
The compositing is ready to use
when it has degraded into a rich dark humus. Sift and use undecomposed material to start a new pile. T=
he
compost should be ready in 1-3 months.
T=
here are
two types of small space composting, bucket and worm boxes.
<=
b>Directions: (1) Chop kitchen scraps and mix an equal amount=
of dry material at least once a week using a trow=
el or
small spade. If too wet, stir in mor=
e dry
material. (2) Stir thoroughly each t=
ime
you add materials. (3) When bucket is ¾ full, let stand 1-3 months, mixing it every week or two.=
3;
Compost can be produced as quickly as 30 days and as long as 24 months.
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------=_NextPart_01C48F4D.807BB060
Content-Location: file:///C:/6B65C111/COMPOSTING1_files/script.js
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: application/javascript; charset="us-ascii"
function LoadSld()
{
var sld=3DGetObj("SlideObj")
if( !g_supportsPPTHTML ) { =09
sld.style.visibility=3D"visible"
return
}
if( MakeNotesVis() ) return
runAnimations =3D _InitAnimations();
=09
if( IsWin("PPTSld") )
parent.SldUpdated(GetSldId())
g_origSz=3DparseInt(SlideObj.style.fontSize)
g_origH=3Dsld.style.posHeight
g_origW=3Dsld.style.posWidth
g_scaleHyperlinks=3D(document.all.tags("AREA").length>0)
if( g_scaleHyperlinks )
InitHLinkArray()
if( g_scaleInFrame||(IsWin("PPTSld") && parent.IsFullScrMode() ) )
document.body.scroll=3D"no"
_RSW()
if( IsWin("PPTSld") && parent.IsFullScrMode() )
FullScrInit();
=09
MakeSldVis();
ChkAutoAdv()
if( runAnimations )
{
if( document.all("NSPlay") )
document.all("NSPlay").autoStart =3D false;
if( sld.filters && sld.filters.revealtrans )
setTimeout( "document.body.start()", sld.filters.revealtrans.duration * =
1000 );
else
document.body.start();
}
}
function MakeSldVis()=20
{
var fTrans=3Dg_showAnimation && SldHasTrans()
if( fTrans )=09
{
if( g_bgSound ) {
idx=3Dg_bgSound.indexOf(",");
pptSound.src=3Dg_bgSound.substr( 0, idx );
pptSound.loop=3D -(parseInt(g_bgSound.substr(idx+1)));
}
SlideObj.filters.revealtrans.Apply()=09
}
SlideObj.style.visibility=3D"visible"
if( fTrans )
SlideObj.filters.revealtrans.Play()
}
function MakeNotesVis()=20
{
if( !IsNts() ) return false=20
SlideObj.style.display=3D"none"
nObj =3D document.all.item("NotesObj")
parent.SetHasNts(0)
if( nObj ) {=20
nObj.style.display=3D""
parent.SetHasNts(1)
}
return 1
}
function ChkAutoAdv()
{
if(SldHasTrans())
SlideObj.onfilterchange=3DAutoAdv
else
AutoAdv()
}
function AutoAdv()
{
if(!IsWin("PPTSld") || !gUseSldTimings )return
var sld=3DGetCurSld()
if( (sld.mAdvDelay>0) && !parent.IsFramesMode() )
setTimeout("parent.GoToNextSld()",sld.mAdvDelay)
}
function GetObj(id)
{
if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return document.all(id);
else return document.getElementById(id);
}
function SldHasTrans() { return SlideObj.style.filter !=3D ""; }
function GetSldId() { return sId=3Dlocation.href.substring(location.href.la=
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function HideMenu() { if( frames["PPTSld"] && PPTSld.document.all.item("ctx=
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function IsWin( name ) { return window.name =3D=3D name }
function IsNts() { return IsWin("PPTNts") }
function IsSldOrNts() { return( IsWin("PPTSld")||IsWin("PPTNts") ) }
function SupportsPPTAnimation() { return( navigator.platform =3D=3D "Win32"=
&& navigator.appVersion.indexOf("Windows")>0 ) }
function SupportsPPTHTML()
{
var appVer=3Dnavigator.appVersion, msie=3DappVer.indexOf("MSIE "), ver=3D0
if( msie >=3D 0 )
ver=3DparseFloat( appVer.substring( msie+5, appVer.indexOf(";",msie) ) )
else
ver=3DparseInt(appVer)
return( ver >=3D 4 && msie >=3D 0 )
}
function _RSW()
{
if( !g_supportsPPTHTML || IsNts() ||
( !g_scaleInFrame && (!IsWin("PPTSld") || !parent.IsFullScrMode()) ) )
return
var padding=3D0;
if( IsWin("PPTSld") && parent.IsFramesMode() ) padding=3D6
cltWidth=3Ddocument.body.clientWidth-padding
cltHeight=3Ddocument.body.clientHeight-padding
factor=3D(1.0*cltWidth)/g_origW
if( cltHeight < g_origH*factor )
factor=3D(1.0*cltHeight)/g_origH
newSize =3D g_origSz * factor
if( newSize < 1 ) newSize=3D1
s=3DSlideObj.style
s.fontSize=3DnewSize+"px"
s.posWidth=3Dg_origW*factor
s.posHeight=3Dg_origH*factor
s.posLeft=3D(cltWidth-s.posWidth+padding)/2
s.posTop=3D(cltHeight-s.posHeight+padding)/2
if( g_scaleHyperlinks )
ScaleHyperlinks( factor )
}
function _InitAnimations()
{
animRuntimeInstalled =3D ''+document.body.localTime !=3D 'undefined';
isFullScreen =3D (window.name =3D=3D "PPTSld") && !parent.IsFramesMode();
g_animUseRuntime =3D g_showAnimation && animRuntimeInstalled && !(isFullSc=
reen && parent.IsSldVisited());
if( g_animUseRuntime ) {
collSeq =3D document.all.tags("seq");
if( collSeq !=3D null ) {
for(ii=3D0;ii numSlds )
gSldJumpIdx =3D numSlds;
if ( gSldJumpIdx >=3D 0 ) {
if ( gSldJumpIdx =3D=3D 0 )
gSldJumpIdx =3D 1;
var jumpTo =3D parseInt(gSldJumpIdx);
gSldJump =3D 0; gSldJumpIdx =3D "";
win.GoToSld( parent.GetSldList().mList[jumpTo-1].mSldHref )
}
}
}
function _KDH()
{
if( event.keyCode =3D=3D 8 ) {
event.returnValue =3D 0;
parent.GoToPrevSld();
}
}function DocumentOnClick()
{
if( IsNts() || parent.HideMenu() ) return;
if( ( g_allowAdvOnClick && (window.name=3D=3D"PPTSld") && !parent.IsFrames=
Mode() ) ||
(event && event.keyCode=3D=3D32) ) {
=09
if( g_animUseRuntime && g_animMainSequence && g_animMainSequence.cangonex=
t )
return;
parent.GoToNextSld();
}
}
var g_supportsPPTHTML =3D SupportsPPTHTML(), g_scaleInFrame =3D 1, gId=3D""=
, g_bgSound=3D"",
g_scaleHyperlinks =3D false, g_allowAdvOnClick =3D 1, g_showInBrowser =
=3D 0, gLoopCont =3D 0, gUseSldTimings =3D 0;
var g_showAnimation =3D g_supportsPPTHTML && SupportsPPTAnimation() && ( (w=
indow.name=3D=3D"PPTSld" && !parent.IsFramesMode()) || g_showInBrowser );va=
r g_animManager =3D null;
var g_animUseRuntime =3D false;
var g_animItemsToHide, g_animInteractiveItems, g_animSlideTime;
var g_animMainSequence =3D null;
var ENDSHOW_MESG=3D"End of slide show, click to exit.", SCREEN_MODE=3D"Fram=
es", gIsEndShow=3D0, NUM_VIS_SLDS=3D72, SCRIPT_HREF=3D"script.js", FULLSCR_=
HREF=3D"fullscreen.htm";
var gCurSld =3D gPrevSld =3D 1, g_offset =3D 0, gNtsOpen =3D gHasNts =3D gO=
tlTxtExp =3D 0, gHasNarration =3D 0, gOtlOpen =3D true
window.gPPTHTML=3DSupportsPPTHTML()
var gMainDoc=3Dnew Array(new hrefList("slide0044.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList(=
"slide0037.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0095.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("=
slide0080.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0079.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("s=
lide0081.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0054.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sl=
ide0039.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0002.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sli=
de0019.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0040.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slid=
e0075.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0098.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide=
0057.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0100.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0=
103.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0104.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide00=
96.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0088.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide007=
6.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0074.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0070=
.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0061.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0060.=
htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0016.htm",1,3501,1),new hrefList("slide0038=
.htm",1,1173,1),new hrefList("slide0128.htm",1,1204,1),new hrefList("slide0=
129.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0056.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide00=
47.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0048.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide010=
5.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0131.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0119=
.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0120.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0121.=
htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0132.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0124.h=
tm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0123.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0130.ht=
m",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0106.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0138.htm=
",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0137.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0125.htm"=
,1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0135.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0139.htm",=
1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0111.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0112.htm",1=
,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0113.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0114.htm",1,=
-1,1),new hrefList("slide0116.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0118.htm",1,-=
1,1),new hrefList("slide0117.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0127.htm",1,-1=
,1),new hrefList("slide0051.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0126.htm",1,-1,=
1),new hrefList("slide0052.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0053.htm",1,-1,1=
),new hrefList("slide0071.htm",1,2580,1),new hrefList("slide0094.htm",1,-1,=
1),new hrefList("slide0030.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0089.htm",1,-1,1=
),new hrefList("slide0090.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0055.htm",1,-1,1)=
,new hrefList("slide0069.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0064.htm",1,-1,1),=
new hrefList("slide0072.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0073.htm",1,-1,1),n=
ew hrefList("slide0062.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0093.htm",1,-1,1),ne=
w hrefList("slide0140.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0063.htm",1,-1,1));
/*********************************************
Frameset functions
These functions control slide navigation
and state of the frameset.
**********************************************/
function FullScrInit()
{
g_allowAdvOnClick =3D GetCurSld().mAdvOnClk
document.body.style.backgroundColor=3D"black"
document.oncontextmenu=3Dparent._CM;
document.onkeydown =3D _KDH;
document.ondragstart=3DCancel
document.onselectstart=3DCancel
self.focus()
}
function Redirect( frmId )
{=09
var str=3Ddocument.location.hash,idx=3Dstr.indexOf('#'), sId=3DGetSldId()
if(idx>=3D0) str=3Dstr.substr(1);
if( window.name !=3D frmId && ( sId !=3D str) ) {
obj =3D GetObj("Main-File")
window.location.href=3Dobj.href+"#"+sId
return 1
}
return 0
}
var MHTMLPrefix =3D CalculateMHTMLPrefix();=20
function CalculateMHTMLPrefix()
{
if ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') {=20
href=3Dnew String(document.location.href)=20
Start=3Dhref.indexOf('!')+1=20
End=3Dhref.lastIndexOf('/')+1=20
if (End < Start)=20
return href.substring(0, Start)=20
else=20
return href.substring(0, End)=20
}
return '';
}
function GetTags(base,tag)
{
if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return base.all.tags(tag);
else return base.getElementsByTagName(tag);
}
function UpdNtsPane(){ if(frames["PPTNts"]) PPTNts.location.replace( MHTMLP=
refix+GetHrefObj( gCurSld ).mNtsHref ) }
function UpdNavPane( sldIndex ){ if(gNavLoaded) PPTNav.UpdNav() }
function UpdOtNavPane(){ if(gOtlNavLoaded) PPTOtlNav.UpdOtlNav() }
function UpdOtlPane(){ if(gOtlLoaded) PPTOtl.UpdOtl() }
function SetHasNts( fVal )
{
if( gHasNts !=3D fVal ) {
gHasNts=3DfVal
UpdNavPane()
}
}
function ToggleOtlText()
{
gOtlTxtExp=3D!gOtlTxtExp
UpdOtlPane()
}
function ClearMedia()
{
// Clear any sounds playing before launching another browser window. Other=
wise,
// in fullscreen mode, you'll continue to hear the sound in the frames mod=
e.
if (PPTSld.pptSound) PPTSld.pptSound.loop =3D 0;
}
function FullScreen()
{=20
if ( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
PPTSld.document.body.pause();
ClearMedia();
var href =3D ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') ? FULLSCR_HREF =
: FULLSCR_HREF+"#"+GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref;
if(PPTNav.event.ctrlKey) {
var w =3D (window.screen.availWidth * 1.0) / 2.0
var h =3D w * (PPTSld.g_origH * 1.0) / PPTSld.g_origW
win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"toolbar=3D0,resizable=3D1,top=
=3D0,left=3D0," + "width=3D"+ w + ",height=3D" + h );
if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow;
}
else
{
win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"fullscreen=3Dyes" );
if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow;
}
}
function ToggleVNarration()
{
rObj=3DPPTSld.document.all("NSPlay")
if( rObj && !PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) {
if( (rObj.playState =3D=3D 1)||(rObj.playState =3D=3D 0) )
rObj.Play()
else if( rObj.playState =3D=3D 2 )
rObj.Pause()
else
return;
}
else if( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
{
narObj =3D PPTSld.document.all("narrationID")
if( narObj )
narObj.togglePause()
}
}
function GetCurSldNum()
{ =20
obj=3DGetHrefObj(gCurSld)
if( obj.mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 )
return obj.mSldIdx
else =20
return gCurSld
}
function GetNumSlds()
{ =20
if( GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 )
return GetSldList().mNumVisSlds;
else
return GetSldList().mList.length
}
function GetSldNum( href )
{
for(ii=3D0; ii 1 )
PopSldList();
else if( !IsFramesMode() ) {
if( gLoopCont )
GoToFirst()
else
EndShow()
}
}
function GoToPrevSld()
{
ii=3DgCurSld-1
if( ii > 0 ) {
obj=3DGetHrefObj(ii)
while ( obj && ( obj.mVis =3D=3D 0 ) && ( ii>0 ) )
obj=3DGetHrefObj(--ii)
if( ii =3D=3D 0 ) ii=3D1
GoToSldNum(ii)
}
}
function GoToFirst(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(1).mSldHref ) }
function GoToLast()
{
ii=3DGetSldList().mList.length
if( ii !=3D gCurSld )
GoToSld( GetHrefObj(ii).mSldHref )
}
function GoToSldNum( num )
{
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
obj =3D GetHrefObj( num )
obj.mVis=3D1
gPrevSld=3DgCurSld
gCurSld =3D num;
PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+obj.mSldHref)
if( IsFramesMode() ) {
UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane()
}
}
function GoToSld( href )
{
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
GetHrefObj( GetSldNum(href) ).mVis=3D1
PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+href)
}
function SldUpdated( id )
{
if( id =3D=3D GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref ) return
gPrevSld=3DgCurSld
gCurSld=3DGetSldNum(id)
if( IsFramesMode() ) {
UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane()
}
}
function PrevSldViewed(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(gPrevSld).mSldHref ) }
function HasPrevSld() { return ( gIsEndShow || ( gCurSld !=3D 1 && GetHrefO=
bj( gCurSld-1 ).mVis =3D=3D 1 )||( GetCurSldNum() > 1 ) ) }
function HasNextSld() { return (GetCurSldNum() !=3D GetNumSlds()) }
function CloseWindow() {
if( HideMenu() ) return;
=09
var event =3D PPTSld.event;
if( !IsFramesMode() && event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D27 || event.keyCode=3D=
=3D32 || event.type=3D=3D"click" ) )
window.close( self );
CatchNumKeys( self, event );
}
function Unload() { gIsEndShow=3D0; }
function SetupEndShow() {
gIsEndShow=3D1;
PPTSld.document.body.scroll=3D"no";
PPTSld.document.onkeypress=3DCloseWindow;
PPTSld.document.onclick=3DCloseWindow;
PPTSld.document.oncontextmenu=3D_CM;
}
function EndShow()
{
if( IsFramesMode() ) return
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
doc=3DPPTSld.document
var dir =3D doc.body.dir
if( dir !=3D "rtl" ) dir =3D "ltr";
doc.open()
doc.writeln(' 0) {
PushSldList(sldList,fEnd);
gCurSld =3D 1;
}
else
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
}
function PushSldList(arr,fEnd) {
var ii =3D gSldStack.length;
gSldStack[ii] =3D new SldList(arr,gCurSld,fEnd);
GoToSld( gSldStack[ii].mList[0].mSldHref );
}
function PopSldList() {
if (gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].fEndShow)
EndShow()
else {
gCurSld =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].mCurSld;
gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1] =3D null;
gSldStack.length--;
var sldList =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1];
GoToSld( sldList.mList[gCurSld - 1].mSldHref );
}
}
var custShowList=3Dnew Array();
/*********************************************
Navigation button implementation
There are 2 types of buttons: ImgBtn, TxtBtn
implemented as function objects. They share
a similiar interface so the event handlers
can call SetActive, for example, on a button=20
object without needing to know exactly=20
what type of button it is.
**********************************************/
//----------------------------------
function ImgBtn( oId,bId,w,action )
//----------------------------------
{
var t=3Dthis
t.Perform =3D _IBP
t.SetActive =3D _IBSetA
t.SetInactive=3D _IBSetI
t.SetPressed =3D _IBSetP
t.SetDisabled=3D _IBSetD
t.Enabled =3D _IBSetE
t.ChangeIcon =3D null
t.UserAction =3D action
t.ChgState =3D _IBUI
t.mObjId =3D oId
t.mBorderId=3D bId
t.mWidth =3D w
t.mIsOn =3D t.mCurState =3D 0
}
function _IBSetA()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
function _IBSetI()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0=20
}
}
function _IBSetP()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,2 )
obj.style.posLeft+=3D1; obj.style.posTop+=3D1
}
}
function _IBSetD()
{ =20
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0=20
}
function _IBSetE( state )
{
var t=3Dthis
GetObj( t.mBorderId ).style.visibility=3D"visible"
if( state !=3D t.mIsOn ) {
t.mIsOn=3Dstate
if( state )
t.SetInactive()
else
t.SetDisabled()
}
}
function _IBP()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn ) {
if( t.UserAction !=3D null )
t.UserAction()
if( t.ChangeIcon ) {
obj=3DGetObj(t.mObjId)
if( t.ChangeIcon() )
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-4)*t.mWidth
else
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-0)*t.mWidth
}
t.SetActive()
} =20
}
function _IBUI( clr1,clr2,nextState )
{
var t=3Dthis
SetBorder( GetObj( t.mBorderId ),clr1,clr2 )
obj=3DGetObj( t.mObjId )
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-nextState)*t.mWidth-obj=
.style.posTop
t.mCurState=3DnextState
return obj
}
//-----------------------------------------
function TxtBtn( oId,oeId,action,chkState )
//-----------------------------------------
{
var t=3Dthis
t.Perform =3D _TBP
t.SetActive =3D _TBSetA
t.SetInactive=3D _TBSetI
t.SetPressed =3D _TBSetP
t.SetDisabled=3D _TBSetD
t.SetEnabled =3D _TBSetE
t.GetState =3D chkState
t.UserAction =3D action
t.ChgState =3D _TBUI
t.mObjId =3D oId
t.m_elementsId=3D oeId
t.mIsOn =3D 1
}
function _TBSetA()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,0,0 )
}
function _TBSetI()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
}
function _TBSetP()
{
if( this.mIsOn )
this.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 )
}
function _TBSetD()
{ =20
this.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
this.mIsOn =3D 0
}
function _TBSetE()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
else
t.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 )
t.mIsOn =3D 1
}
function _TBP()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn ) {=20
if( t.UserAction !=3D null )
t.UserAction()
if( !t.GetState )
return
if( t.GetState() )
t.SetPressed()
else
t.SetActive()
} =20
}
function _TBUI( clr1,clr2,lOffset,tOffset )
{
SetBorder( GetObj( this.mObjId ),clr1,clr2 )
Offset( GetObj( this.m_elementsId ),lOffset,tOffset )
}
function Offset( obj, top, left ){ obj.style.top=3Dtop; obj.style.left=3Dle=
ft }
function SetBorder( obj, upperLeft, lowerRight )
{
s=3Dobj.style;
s.borderStyle =3D "solid"
s.borderWidth =3D 1=20
s.borderLeftColor =3D s.borderTopColor =3D upperLeft
s.borderBottomColor=3D s.borderRightColor =3D lowerRight
}
function GetBtnObj(){ return gBtnArr[window.event.srcElement.id] }
function BtnOnOver(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetActive() }
function BtnOnDown(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetPressed() }
function BtnOnOut(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetInactive() }
function BtnOnUp()
{
b=3DGetBtnObj()
if( b !=3D null )
b.Perform()
else
Upd()
}
function GetNtsState(){ return parent.gNtsOpen }
function GetOtlState(){ return parent.gOtlOpen }
function GetOtlTxtState(){ return parent.gOtlTxtExp }
function NtsBtnSetFlag( fVal )
{
s=3Ddocument.all.item( this.m_flagId ).style
s.display=3D"none"
if( fVal )
s.display=3D""
else
s.display=3D"none"
}
function _BSetA_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etActive() }
function _BSetI_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etInactive() }
function _BSetP_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etPressed() }
function _BSetA_BorderImg()
{=20
b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]=20
if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
function _BSetI_BorderImg()
{=20
b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]
if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
var gHiliteClr=3D"THREEDHIGHLIGHT",gShadowClr=3D"THREEDSHADOW",gFaceClr=3D"=
THREEDFACE"
var gBtnArr =3D new Array()
gBtnArr["nb_otl"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOtlPan=
e,GetOtlState )
gBtnArr["nb_otlElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOt=
lPane,GetOtlState )
gBtnArr["nb_nts"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_nts","nb_ntsBorder",10,parent.ToggleN=
tsPane )
gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_BorderImg;
gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_BorderImg;
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.=
ToggleNtsPane,GetNtsState )
gBtnArr["nb_ntsElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.To=
ggleNtsPane,GetNtsState )
gBtnArr["nb_prevBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_prev"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_prev","n=
b_prevBorder",30,parent.GoToPrevSld )
gBtnArr["nb_nextBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_next"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_next","n=
b_nextBorder",30,parent.GoToNextSld )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshw"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",18,parent=
.FullScreen )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",pa=
rent.FullScreen,null )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwText",parent=
.FullScreen,null )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_voice"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_voiceBorder"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_voice=
","nb_voiceBorder",18,parent.ToggleVNarration )
gBtnArr["nb_otlTxtBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_otlT=
xt","nb_otlTxtBorder",23,parent.ToggleOtlText )
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].m_flagId=3D "nb_nts"
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].SetFlag =3D NtsBtnSetFlag
gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"].ChangeIcon=3D GetOtlTxtState
/*********************************************
Context menu implementation
_CM() is the function that's hooked up to
the oncontextmenu event. Once we're asked to
show the menu, we first build it by creating
DIVs on-the-fly. Then we position it=20
within the screen area so it doesn't get
clipped.
Creating the DIVs using createElement() means
we don't have to write out any extra HTML
into the slide HTML files.
**********************************************/
var sNext=3D"Next",sPrev=3D"Previous",sEnd=3D"End Show",sFont=3D"Arial",sAr=
row=3D"Arrow",sFreeform=3D"Freeform",sRect=3D"Rectangle",sOval=3D"Oval"
function ShowMenu()
{
BuildMenu();
var doc=3DPPTSld.document.body,x=3DPPTSld.event.clientX+doc.scrollLeft,y=
=3DPPTSld.event.clientY+doc.scrollTop
m =3D PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu")
m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx
if( (x+m.scrollWidth > doc.clientWidth)&&(x-m.scrollWidth > 0) )
m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx-m.scrollWidth
m.style.pixelTop=3Dy
if( (y+m.scrollHeight > doc.clientHeight)&&(y-m.scrollHeight > 0) )
m.style.pixelTop=3Dy-m.scrollHeight
m.style.display=3D""
}
function _CM()
{
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------=_NextPart_01C48F4D.807BB060
Content-Location: file:///C:/6B65C111/COMPOSTING1_files/fullscreen.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Composting At Home In Georgia
Use finished compost in garden or planters as it is produced.
Well,
"vermi" is the Latin word for worm, and worms like to feed on sl=
owly
decomposing organic materials (e.=
g.,
vegetable scraps). The "end" product, called castings, is full o=
f beneficial microbes and nutrients, and makes a=
great
plant fertilizer. Vermicomposting is the practice
of using worms to make compost simply by feeding them your vegetable/fruit
waste and resulting in a rich
fertilizer and soil amendment. . The reason vermicomposting is becoming popular is because worms are very eff=
icient
eating machines. They eat over half their
body weight in organic matter per day! This is a popular form of composting
for school projects or people wit=
h no
yards.
Ingredients: Fruit and vegetable trimmings, newspapers, an=
d red
worms. To start, use a 2:1 worms =
to
food weight ratio (e.g., 2 lbs. Worms to 1lb. food waste)
Directions: (=
1) Shred and moisten old newspapers and layer t=
hem
6” deep in a well-ventilated
plastic or wooden box. Use black and white pages of the newspaper only. (<=
/span>2) Add
worms and begin feeding them your
kitchen scraps (no meet products). (3) Add fresh food waste as it becomes available.
Worm
compost can be harvested in 3-6
months. The compost may be
harvested by moving it all to one=
side
of the bin and adding fresh bedding to the empty side. Then begin burying =
new food waste in the new bedding. The worms w=
ill
migrate to the fresh bedding, allowing you
to harvest the compost they produced.
Can you tell which hand has the ideal compost material ready to be
used?
As you can see here the dark and crumbly handful is on the left. The newly
chopped compost material is on the right. C=
ompost is
ready to use with compost materials are reduced to a dark, rich humus. If some larger pieces are not decomposed, =
you
can sift those out and use them to s=
tart a
new batch. One way to test if compost is finished is to seal a small sample in a plastic bag for 24 to=
48
hours. If no strong odors are releas=
ed
when you open the bag, the compost is done.
Compost can be added to the soil at any tim=
e to
help keep plants healthy. It improve=
s soil
structure, holds moisture, provides plant nutrients, and introduces beneficial organisms into the soil.=
3;
=
<=
b>Mulching-Apply mulch or semi-finished compost material around base of plants & trees. Reduces water
requirements and protects them from
freezing and drought.
Work it into the top 6” to 8R=
21; of
the soil.
=
<=
b>Potting
Mix- A potting mix can be made by
mixing one part sand, one part compo=
st
material and one part ground pine bark. Be
sure compost is fully decomposed (black and crumbly) before using it.
=
Can compost replace petroleum-based
fertilizers?
Yes,
generous amounts of rich compost can supply needed nutrients for healthy plant growth. In addition, planting g=
reen
cover crops such as clover or vetch =
can
boost nitrogen levels in the soil.
=
Too wet- Too much water i=
s not
generally a problem, but it may cause the center of the pile to compact an=
d resulting
in an ammonia or rotten egg odor (an alcohol odor is possible). Add browns=
and
turn to mix thoroughly.
Too much green material- An ammonia, ro=
tten
egg or alcohol odor is a clear indication that all of the oxygen has been =
used
up. Add more brown material and turn.
Insufficient air- Turn the pile
Center is dry- moisten the pile and turn
Compost is damp & warm in the middle, but outside is dry- (Pile is too small) Collect m=
ore compostable
material (both green & brown) and mix the new material thoroughly with=
the
existing compost in your bin or pile. You need about 1 cubic yard (a pile
3’ x 3’ x 3’).
Heap is damp- (lack of nitroge=
n)-
Mix nitrogen source like fresh grass clippings, trimming waste from fruits=
and
vegetables or ammonium sulfate.
Rodents or other vermin- (caus=
e=3Dmeat)-
Rodents are attracted to meat or other foods and the warmth of the pile. Do
not add oils, fats or dairy products. Cover each addition of vegetable scr=
aps
with a layer of finished compost.
Flies in the compost- (Cause=3DMeat)
Spiders- (cause=3Dattracted to moist, dark places with easy sources=
of
prey). Always check for spiders before sticking your hand in. Most spiders=
are
harmless, although there are several poisonous species in the outdoors. Al=
ways
wear gloves when working with your compost.
It is taking a lot long=
er
to compost that you thought it would- Too dry, not the right mix of gr=
eens
and browns or not enough air.Remember… Every time it ra=
ins,
rainwater runs off the land and picks up pollutants and debris such as lit=
ter,
pesticides, chemicals, pet waste, and sediment. It flows off rooftops, lawns, down
driveways and streets then flows into storm drains and directly into our
rivers, lakes and streams.
Leaves, grass clippings and other yard waste carries nutrients (fertilizer=
s)
and pesticides (insecticides and herbicides) that are used and carry them =
down
streets, drainage ditches and storm drains into rivers, lakes and streams,
untreated. Too many nutrients in a waterway can cause Algal Blooms.
Make sure you practice the 3Rs of managing yard materials for a healt=
hy
yard & garden:
Reduce yard waste: Grasscycle, mulch, or compost.
Reuse yard waste: Use leaves, chipped or shredded wood, and other
materials to use as mulch and weed control.
Recycle yard and vegeta=
ble
& fruit waste: Compost to produce mulch or soil conditioner.
' + ENDSHOW_MESG + '
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